This really should have been Tip # 1, because it is what i would call  "The Cardinal Rule of Asking for Grants," but I am not the most  organized person on the planet and do not always think in a linear  fashion, so here you go:
Tip  # 2 - Before writing one single word of your proposal, check out the  foundation and the guidelines for the program you are applying to.
It  seems like common sense, but I don't know how many times I have gotten  full proposals from organizations, and they end up being ineligible or  uncompetitive because they are something we don't fund. Or with their  proposal they send us stuff that we specifically tell them not to send.
But it is so easy these days to find out information!
Just  go to a search engine and type the name of the foundation. Chances are  you can find their webpage. On their webpage you are likely to find  information for grantseekers.  And if you can't find their webpage, you  can find it (or their other contact information) over at the Foundation Center's Foundation Finder.
Read  the webpage thoroughly, check out all the links on it. Most of the time  the guidelines will be spelled out there in back and white. For example  the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has a section titled "For Grantseekers" and it gives you all you need to know. Then, if you still have a question you can call them and ask.
It  is really easy.  It will save you time from writing a proposal that is  doomed for failure. You can use that time instead to send out proposals  to foundations that are a good fit.
Just read the guideline. Please?